OMG......LIGO....... in INDIA also.....?

LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) laboratory will be set up in Aundh in Hingoli district of Maharashtra.

         It will be third such laboratory in the world and first outside the United States. The existing two laboratories are located in Hanford, Washington and in Livingston, Louisiana.

                                          LIGO Hanford

    "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"    

This project is the combination of MIT,CALTECH & other institutions & is sponsored by NSF(National science foundation) of USA.

                                       LIGO  Livingston                                   

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

......this was on 11th feb 2016 when LIGO observatory found a gravitational wave which was produced due to the collision of two giant black-holes.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"   
        

      About 100 billions year ago two giant Black holes collide with each other.This collision was strong enough that it created disturbance in Space-Time.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory" 
      About 100 years ago Albert Einstein told that the effect of the mentioned collision will not remain at the position where the collision took place.That is due to this collision a ripple of wave is created which travels outward from source just like the travelling of water waves in a pond when a stone is thrown in it.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

In similar fashion ripples created by collision of black holes the disturbance is produced in SPACE-TIME resulting in expansion and contraction of SPACE-TIME.This is called ''theory of relativity''.This concept is again proved by LIGO observatory.

     
        In 1916 Albert Einstein gave his ''theory of relativity'' as per which Gravitational waves are the ripples that are travelling away from the source and thus creating distortion in space & time.
   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

This is what we and every living and non living thing feel in the form of gravity or gravitational pull on earth because here the earth is rotating around the sun in one year due to Sun's gravitational force.But this gravitational wave can not be traced as it very weak and earth is having very less mass and velocity as compared to other heavy black holes.

      It was found that there was a difference in the masses of two black holes before and after collision.This difference in mass converted to huge amount of energy in the form of gravitational waves travelling in space.This energy was too big the even all the stars of our galaxy collectively can not produce this much amount of energy.

      But the question is how & when they collide.For more clearance let us consider the space of the Universe as a bed sheet having four dimensions with length,breadth and depth.Fourth one is the TIME.Here this example is for clearance purpose only which is different from real conditions.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

    Now if a heavy ball (means heavy mass) is placed at the center of bed sheet a sag at the center will be produced and now if we throw some small balls(means meteorites in Universe) on this sheet all the ball get accelerated incrementally in an orbit and going towards the center. While travelling to the center through the fabric of sheet i.e. space of Universe, some ripples through the fabric(space) will be created.This ripple is the gravitational waves travelling through space away from its source.This wave can deform time-space in the form of contraction and expansion.In the same manner two black holes were increasingly accelerating & rotating with each other with the decrease in distance between them.

      

all above images-"Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laborato

      

                  While rotating they both were individually producing certain gravitational ripples also.But finally when the distance between them becomes zero they mutually get dissolved with a enormous collision releasing huge amount gravitational wave travelling away from them. 

    Generally our environment is having many interference or unwanted waves along with gravitational wave and gravitational wave is too weak to detect.So it is necessary to filter out this gravitational wave from unwanted waves.Actually this filtration is done by LIGO observatory.

      Its construction can be understood in a simple way that is it consist of two long vacuum tunnle or tube of 4km each.


                                                    VACUUM TUBE SYSTEM

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

These two tubes are connected in L-shape.
                                              VACUUM TUBE CONTROLLING SYSTEM

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

      Its two free end is having one mirror each and its junction point is equipped with laser source device which sends laser beam to a laser divider which divides laser to two beams and strikes two mirrors.These two laser beams are then get reflected back with a time delay whose wave pattern is observed by laser detector.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"

     Two laser beam reflected from two mirrors combined at laser detector.It is found that the two beams waves cancel each other as the distance of mirror from laser source is same i.e. of 4km.Hence shows no wave pattern.

Now if there is the difference in the distance of the two mirrors from laser source,a wave pattern of regular time interval is obtained.

  If the difference in the distance continuously changes then a wave with different wave pattern is observed by LIGO with irregular time interval,means there was contraction and expansion in space which is possible only in the presence of gravitational wave ripples.

   "Courtesy Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory"  

         Thus in absence of gravitational, the wave was having a regular time interval while in presence of gravitational wave there was unevenness in time interval.

    Hence this observation was done by LIGO on 14th Sep 2016.It is believed by our great honor scientist that with the help of gravitational wave we get the information of birth,death and life of our universe.